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1 Johnson, Jerome L. Principles of Computer Automated Fabrication. New York: Palatino Press, Inc.,1995. pp. 4
2 “Rapid Prototyping Report,” The Newsletter of the Desktop Manufacturing Industry (May 1996), p. 6.
3 “Rapid Prototyping Report,” The Newsletter of the Desktop Manufacturing Industry (November 1995).
4 “Rapid Prototyping Report,” The Newsletter of the Desktop Manufacturing Industry (February 1996), p.4
5 Michael J. Wozny, Data Driven Solid Freeform Fabrication, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. In Human Aspects in Computer Integrated Manufacturing (New York: North-Holland, 1992).
6 Rapid Prototyping originally included CNC machining. The term, however, is more and more understood as solely describing additive methods.
7 “Rapid Prototyping Report,” The Newsletter of the Desktop Manufacturing Industry (October 1996).
8 There are two ways of representing data in an STL file ASCII and binary. When represented in ASCII, and STL file can be comprehended by the human reader, but it takes up about five times more disk space than binary representation.
9 Tessellation is also possible with rectangles or hexagons, today’s standard is triangulation.
10 The STL-file might be viewed and manipulated with specialized software such as “Solid View” from Solid Concept or “Magics View” from Materialise, Belgium
11 E.g. Bridgeworks from Solid Concepts, Inc., Valencia CA, or Materiale’s MAGICS, Belgium
12 T. Wohlers differentiates between “five fundamentally different processes in the use - photoresin, sintering, lamination, extrusion, ink-jet printing.” Global Implementation of Rapid Prototyping (Dayton 1994). L. Johnson defines “Molecular Bonding Fabrication, Particle Bonding Fabrication, Sheet Lamination Fabrication, Droplet Deposition Fabrication, Particle Deposition Fabrication, Melt Deposition Fabrication” in Jerome L. Johnson, Principles of Computer Automated Fabrication (New York: Palatino Press, Inc.,1995). Lamont Wood uses “Stereolithography Systems, Selective Laser Sintering, Fused Deposition Modeling and Lamination Methods.” See Lamont Wood, Rapid Automated Prototyping: An Introduction (New York. Industrial Press Inc., 1993).
13 52% of all installed fabricators in service centers are 3D Systems machines. “Rapid Prototyping Report,” The Newsletter of the Desktop Manufacturing Industry (Feb. 1996), p. 4.
14 Argon-Ion laser of SLA-500/30H. 3D Systems specifications.
15 ACES™ WEAVE™ or STARWEAVE™ for the StereoLithography process
16 QuickCast™ parts can be built with up to 83 vol-% void. QuickCast™was conceived for investment casting. Here the pattern is covered in ceramic shell coating and after shell curing, the epoxy resin is burned

out leaving the empty ceramic shell which is subsequently filled with high strength epoxy resin, aluminum, titanium, steel, stainless steel, copper or bronze. However, the technology is proprietary to 3D Systems and hence, unlikely to be incorporated in a similar way by the other vendors of the selective laser-curing processes.
17 Overcure (Oc) is the dimension of overlap between two succeeding solidified layers in the z-direction, generated by the difference between curedepth (Cd) - the height of the cured polymer paraboloid - and the chosen layer thickness (ll).
18 by Efrem Fudim of Light Sculpting. “Rapid Prototyping Report,” The Newsletter of the Desktop Manufacturing Industry (October 1995), p. 2.
19 Sintering in its original meaning is a powder metallurgical process in which high temperature and high pressure compaction is applied simultaneously in a controlled-atmosphere furnace to fuse adjacent material particles together. Although temperatures in the range of 1000 &Mac251;C are applied, the actual melting temperature of the material is never reached. The applied term “laser sintering process” is expanding the field outside the domain of those traditional materials to include also plastic powders. Nevertheless, the laser sintering is substantially different, since melting temperature is reached and no mechanical pressure is applied to support the fusion of particles.
20 The inert or non-reactive gas is necessary to prevent oxidation or explosion
21 BPM’s Personal Modeler
22 Sanders “Solid Jet Plotting” offers a Z-axis control, which can be stepped in increments of 0,0025 mm (one ten thousandths of an inch, see App. “Commercial Solid Freeform Fabrication Systems”. The downsite however is extremely long build times.
23 The Steward Platform is a principle originally applied in flight simulators in which several actuators move the machining head with cutting tool through all possible axes of motion around the workpiece.
24 Currently the maximum variable extrusion width of commercial systems ranges from 0.25 mm to 2.54 mm (Stratasys FDM-1650). The extrusion thickness can be set to 0.05 mm to 0.762 mm.
25 Currently applied orifices have a build-thickness ranging from 0.025 mm to 0.15 mm.
26 BPM’s Personal Modeler builds parts as hollow shells. If additional part strength is required, the interior of each layer can be filled with a crosshatch pattern.
27 Daniel F. Walczyk, and Daniel E. Hardt, A New Rapid Tooling Method For Sheet Metal Forming Dies, pp. 275-289.
28 Johnson, Jerome L. Principles of Computer Automated Fabrication . New York: Palatino Press, Inc.,1995. pp. 76 to 85.
29 The the MIT developed “3D printing” process, drops typically are in flight for 2.5 to 3 ms according to Sachs, Emanuel et. al. “3D Printing Surface Finish Improvements Through On-Line Control” Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Rapid Prototyping -1994. University of Dayton, Ohio, 1994.
30 BPM and Cubital